Bachuil Big Y-700 DNA test
Posted: Thu Jan 21, 2021 8:37 am
Ian Fraser and Andrew Lancaster have asked me to post this:
Introduction:
This summary is designed to provide information with respect to the Livingston/MacLea Project with particular focus on the Bachuil Group. The reason that such a summary is warranted is because the Chief of the Clan has recently completed a Big Y-700 DNA test. This has provided important information in understanding the ancestral DNA history of this group, by making it easier to judge which other families are related closest to them.
Observations of the Baron’s results
The test results for the Baron provides a great opportunity to better define the ancestral lines of the MacLea/Livingston Clan.
It is an interesting first observation, two of the Baron's Big Y-700 matches have the surname of Fraser or the USA derivative of Frazier. Whilst Ian Fraser’s Short Tandem Repeats (STR) results are believed to be convergent, the similarity is worth exploring.
NB: It could be that a group of MacLea/Livingston/e's has migrated eastwards into Fraser lands (not sure when) and have ultimately adopted the name Fraser or, after migrating to the USA, a derivative of that surname being Frazier.
What is the "Big Y-700" test: It is a more advanced test that is offered by Family Tree DNA (FTDNA). They describe it as such: "The Big Y is a Y-chromosome direct paternal line test. FTDNA has designed it to explore deep ancestral links on our common paternal tree. This test examines thousands of known branch markers as well as millions of places where there may be new branch markers." https://learn.familytreedna.com/y-dna-t ... g-y/big-y/ The test is focused on discovering SNP markers, but also includes all the markers from the older STR tests (Y12, Y25, Y37, Y67 & Y111) as well as hundreds more STR markers.
What is a Haplogroup: According to FTDNA, a Haplogroup is defined as “Every male individual who takes one of our Y-DNA tests will also receive their Y-DNA haplogroup…….Over many generations, each group developed distinct mutations allowing us to identify one from the other. We call these groups of mutations haplogroups……... https://www.familytreedna.com/products/y-dna
What are STR's: The name stands for “Short Tandem Repeat” markers. They are places on the chromosome where the DNA repeats itself. FTDNA has long provided a number of Y-STR tests and if you have the Big Y-700 test, a further 450 markers or so are tested. "The number of times it repeats is the value of the marker. Typical tests test between 12 and 111 STR markers. STRs mutate fairly frequently.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test.
One problem we have had in defining the matches of the Baron and his line has been STR “convergence”. Convergence can often give the appearance that two matches appear a lot more recently related than they are. For a detailed interpretation of convergence, the following website provides a good definition. https://dnaandfamilytreeresearch.blogsp ... is-it.html.
What are single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP’s): A person's haplogroup can often be inferred from their STR results, but can only be proven with a Y-chromosome test (Y-SNP test). The Big Y-700 test is the only test that Family Tree DNA provides which will provide you with your Terminal SNP. Getting an SNP test allows a much higher resolution than STRs. It can be used to provide additional information about the relationship between two individuals and to confirm Haplogroups.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test.
Essentially, whilst STR testing will provide an indicative result, it is only when an SNP test is completed that a Haplogroup can be confirmed. The Terminal SNP is the SNP that you test positive for and which appears furthest down the DNA tree, in other words, the closest to modern times.
Applying this to the Livingston/MacLea/Boggs Surname DNA Project - Bachuil Group
The current membership of the Bachuil Group in our project has recently been increased to seven with the current Baron of Bachuil being included. It is expected that a recent match with the surname of "George" will be included in this group. In furtherance, it is also believed that all current members, if they have not already tested positive for the SNP R-S764, would test positive. The following is a summary of the groups details;
Kit No: IN91136 – The Baron recently received his Big Y-700 results. These results are significant because as the Clan Chief, he provides the baseline SNP & STR results from which membership to the Bachuil Group can be determined. The result was that the Baron's Terminal SNP is assigned as R-FT28897 and although he shares this SNP with a number of people, he is the only one that has it as a Terminal SNP. In other words, more recent SNPs have been discovered in the small number of other people with FT28897, but the Baron is not a part of any those small groups defined so far. Details are as follows. (These SNP mutations are named only when more than one person shares them.)
The Baron
L1335 > L1065 > Z16325 > S744 > S764 > BY3148 > FT28897
David George b.1730 and d.1782
L1335 > L1065 > Z16325 > S744 > S764 > BY3148 > FT28897 > FT30398
John Frazier b 1777 Ireland Washington C.1810 TN
L1335 > L1065 > Z16325 > S744 > S764 > BY3148 > FT28897 > FT30398 > FT29416
Walker Todd b. 1822
L1335 > L1065 > Z16325 > S744 > S764 > BY3148 > FT28897 > FT30398 > FT29416
Alexander Fraser b 1660 Inverness Scotland d 1702
L1335 > L1065 > Z16325 > S744 > S764 > BY3148 > FT28897 > FT30398 > FT29416
It is believed that Walker Todd is the son of John Frazier b 1777 so that effectively brings the matches down to three families. The Frazier/Todd connection is declared as Irish/USA with no reference to any Scottish ancestry. At this time, there is little information with regard to the ancestry of Alexander Fraser.
Kit No: 8652 - Alastair is the late father of the Baron and hence, even though he was only tested to Y37, it can be assumed that he shared the same Terminal SNP as the Baron.
Kit No: 7703 - Robert Roy, the late founder of this project, is likely to be, (with the obvious exception of his father Alastair), the Baron's closest match notwithstanding that he has only tested for the Y67 test. His Genetic Distance (GD) with both the Baron and his father is zero. An examination of the available family trees indicates that Robert Roy Livingston is the fourth cousin once removed of the Baron.
Kit No: 130593 - Michael Earnest L. was prior to June 2020 the only person in the project to have tested to the SNP of R-L1065 (the so-called Scots modal marker) but in June 2020, Ian Fraser also tested positive for this SNP. Michael had nominated his earliest known ancestor as Duncan Livingstone, born 1759.
Kit No: 107563 – Alan L. has only tested to the Y37 level but he has a GD result of 1 with the Baron, the Baron's father and Robert Roy. His earliest known confirmed ancestor is Hugh Livingstone who was born 1808 in Kilninian, Argyll. The parents of Hugh are believed to be Duncan Livingstone and Catherine McDonald. Duncan was born in Lismore.
Kit No: 17423 - Robert Alexander L. matches the Baron at Y67 with a GD3 result. His ancestry indicates that his ancestral line is from Achuoran, Lismore. The family has later moved to Glasgow before migrating to the USA.
Kit No: B414085 – Justin is the Baron’s closest DNA match and his documented ancestral history indicates an English/USA heritage. More research is warranted in order to establish where the Baron’s and Justin’s link occurs and how long ago it existed.
Kit No: 523693 – Ian Fraser is a distant match to the Baron. The likely common ancestor is with the SNP R-S764 which has a large number of matches. Ian Fraser's STR results are quite similar to the Baron's but given the age of the separate SNP's of both the Baron and Ian, it seems the close STR match is partly due to convergence. Ian’s Terminal SNP is different to the Baron’s.
*************
I hope this is of interest.
Introduction:
This summary is designed to provide information with respect to the Livingston/MacLea Project with particular focus on the Bachuil Group. The reason that such a summary is warranted is because the Chief of the Clan has recently completed a Big Y-700 DNA test. This has provided important information in understanding the ancestral DNA history of this group, by making it easier to judge which other families are related closest to them.
Observations of the Baron’s results
The test results for the Baron provides a great opportunity to better define the ancestral lines of the MacLea/Livingston Clan.
It is an interesting first observation, two of the Baron's Big Y-700 matches have the surname of Fraser or the USA derivative of Frazier. Whilst Ian Fraser’s Short Tandem Repeats (STR) results are believed to be convergent, the similarity is worth exploring.
NB: It could be that a group of MacLea/Livingston/e's has migrated eastwards into Fraser lands (not sure when) and have ultimately adopted the name Fraser or, after migrating to the USA, a derivative of that surname being Frazier.
What is the "Big Y-700" test: It is a more advanced test that is offered by Family Tree DNA (FTDNA). They describe it as such: "The Big Y is a Y-chromosome direct paternal line test. FTDNA has designed it to explore deep ancestral links on our common paternal tree. This test examines thousands of known branch markers as well as millions of places where there may be new branch markers." https://learn.familytreedna.com/y-dna-t ... g-y/big-y/ The test is focused on discovering SNP markers, but also includes all the markers from the older STR tests (Y12, Y25, Y37, Y67 & Y111) as well as hundreds more STR markers.
What is a Haplogroup: According to FTDNA, a Haplogroup is defined as “Every male individual who takes one of our Y-DNA tests will also receive their Y-DNA haplogroup…….Over many generations, each group developed distinct mutations allowing us to identify one from the other. We call these groups of mutations haplogroups……... https://www.familytreedna.com/products/y-dna
What are STR's: The name stands for “Short Tandem Repeat” markers. They are places on the chromosome where the DNA repeats itself. FTDNA has long provided a number of Y-STR tests and if you have the Big Y-700 test, a further 450 markers or so are tested. "The number of times it repeats is the value of the marker. Typical tests test between 12 and 111 STR markers. STRs mutate fairly frequently.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test.
One problem we have had in defining the matches of the Baron and his line has been STR “convergence”. Convergence can often give the appearance that two matches appear a lot more recently related than they are. For a detailed interpretation of convergence, the following website provides a good definition. https://dnaandfamilytreeresearch.blogsp ... is-it.html.
What are single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP’s): A person's haplogroup can often be inferred from their STR results, but can only be proven with a Y-chromosome test (Y-SNP test). The Big Y-700 test is the only test that Family Tree DNA provides which will provide you with your Terminal SNP. Getting an SNP test allows a much higher resolution than STRs. It can be used to provide additional information about the relationship between two individuals and to confirm Haplogroups.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test.
Essentially, whilst STR testing will provide an indicative result, it is only when an SNP test is completed that a Haplogroup can be confirmed. The Terminal SNP is the SNP that you test positive for and which appears furthest down the DNA tree, in other words, the closest to modern times.
Applying this to the Livingston/MacLea/Boggs Surname DNA Project - Bachuil Group
The current membership of the Bachuil Group in our project has recently been increased to seven with the current Baron of Bachuil being included. It is expected that a recent match with the surname of "George" will be included in this group. In furtherance, it is also believed that all current members, if they have not already tested positive for the SNP R-S764, would test positive. The following is a summary of the groups details;
Kit No: IN91136 – The Baron recently received his Big Y-700 results. These results are significant because as the Clan Chief, he provides the baseline SNP & STR results from which membership to the Bachuil Group can be determined. The result was that the Baron's Terminal SNP is assigned as R-FT28897 and although he shares this SNP with a number of people, he is the only one that has it as a Terminal SNP. In other words, more recent SNPs have been discovered in the small number of other people with FT28897, but the Baron is not a part of any those small groups defined so far. Details are as follows. (These SNP mutations are named only when more than one person shares them.)
The Baron
L1335 > L1065 > Z16325 > S744 > S764 > BY3148 > FT28897
David George b.1730 and d.1782
L1335 > L1065 > Z16325 > S744 > S764 > BY3148 > FT28897 > FT30398
John Frazier b 1777 Ireland Washington C.1810 TN
L1335 > L1065 > Z16325 > S744 > S764 > BY3148 > FT28897 > FT30398 > FT29416
Walker Todd b. 1822
L1335 > L1065 > Z16325 > S744 > S764 > BY3148 > FT28897 > FT30398 > FT29416
Alexander Fraser b 1660 Inverness Scotland d 1702
L1335 > L1065 > Z16325 > S744 > S764 > BY3148 > FT28897 > FT30398 > FT29416
It is believed that Walker Todd is the son of John Frazier b 1777 so that effectively brings the matches down to three families. The Frazier/Todd connection is declared as Irish/USA with no reference to any Scottish ancestry. At this time, there is little information with regard to the ancestry of Alexander Fraser.
Kit No: 8652 - Alastair is the late father of the Baron and hence, even though he was only tested to Y37, it can be assumed that he shared the same Terminal SNP as the Baron.
Kit No: 7703 - Robert Roy, the late founder of this project, is likely to be, (with the obvious exception of his father Alastair), the Baron's closest match notwithstanding that he has only tested for the Y67 test. His Genetic Distance (GD) with both the Baron and his father is zero. An examination of the available family trees indicates that Robert Roy Livingston is the fourth cousin once removed of the Baron.
Kit No: 130593 - Michael Earnest L. was prior to June 2020 the only person in the project to have tested to the SNP of R-L1065 (the so-called Scots modal marker) but in June 2020, Ian Fraser also tested positive for this SNP. Michael had nominated his earliest known ancestor as Duncan Livingstone, born 1759.
Kit No: 107563 – Alan L. has only tested to the Y37 level but he has a GD result of 1 with the Baron, the Baron's father and Robert Roy. His earliest known confirmed ancestor is Hugh Livingstone who was born 1808 in Kilninian, Argyll. The parents of Hugh are believed to be Duncan Livingstone and Catherine McDonald. Duncan was born in Lismore.
Kit No: 17423 - Robert Alexander L. matches the Baron at Y67 with a GD3 result. His ancestry indicates that his ancestral line is from Achuoran, Lismore. The family has later moved to Glasgow before migrating to the USA.
Kit No: B414085 – Justin is the Baron’s closest DNA match and his documented ancestral history indicates an English/USA heritage. More research is warranted in order to establish where the Baron’s and Justin’s link occurs and how long ago it existed.
Kit No: 523693 – Ian Fraser is a distant match to the Baron. The likely common ancestor is with the SNP R-S764 which has a large number of matches. Ian Fraser's STR results are quite similar to the Baron's but given the age of the separate SNP's of both the Baron and Ian, it seems the close STR match is partly due to convergence. Ian’s Terminal SNP is different to the Baron’s.
*************
I hope this is of interest.